Essay About Teen Pregnancy - 1347 Words

Kelly Cheek Mrs. Gallos English 3 21 November 2017 Teen Pregnancy There is a big problem that is going on in the United States and it is teen pregnancy. The United States have the highest teen birth rates than any other western industrialized nations. Teen pregnancy does not only affect the teen and the baby, it affects everyone around them including their family and the society around them. There are solutions to teen pregnancy that does not only include the teen and their family, it includes the community. Teens need to know the risks and consequences of teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy causes problems for the teen, the baby, and everybody around them. â€Å"Teen pregnancy costs society billions of dollars a year. There are nearly half a†¦show more content†¦Prenatal care searches for medical problems with the baby and the mother. â€Å"Teenage girls who are pregnant -- especially if they dont have support from their parents -- are at risk of not getting adequate prenatal care† (Cold). Not getting prenatal care can be dangerous for the baby and the mother. Teen mothers especially need appropriate prenatal care because the baby and themselves have higher risks of having medical problems. If somebody is not there for them, then that to have a major effect on if they get enough prenatal care that is needed to make sure that the mother and the baby is healthy. One solution to teen pregnancy is parents allowing their child to be able to talk to their child about anything. According to the National Campaign, â€Å"teens say their parents influence their decisions about sex, love and relationships the most; even more than the media or their peers† (Summers). Parents have a huge impact on what their kids do and think, so if the teen is able to talk to their parents about what is going on in their life, then they are more likely to make better decisions. Also, if a teen tells their parents that they are pregnant, then they are more likely to get the right medical treatment and have a healthier baby. Without their support, the teen may slack off and not take care of herself and the baby and the baby may have a higher risks of health problems. Also, without anybodys support,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Teen Pregnancy2151 Words   |  9 Pages Teen pregnancy is a major problem in the United States. There are significantly more teenage pregn ancies in the United States than all other developing countries (Cleo Moore, 1995). According to The Complete and Authoritative Guide: Caring for Your Teenager, out of every five women under twenty, two will become pregnant. Teen pregnancy rates have increased 23% from 1972 to 1990 (Napier, 1997) In order to come to a solution it is important to examine why teenage pregnancy is so high in the UnitedRead MoreEssay about Teen Pregnancy2611 Words   |  11 Pagesprotagonists (teen moms) introduce you to their lives as pregnant teenagers. The girls are followed by cameras through the prenatal stage, birth, and the onset of motherhood. The girls talk about their lives and are interviewed by Dr. Drew Pinsky an addiction and personality specialist. â€Å"You might ask why the girls are being interviewed by a specialist,† Teen Pregnancy is a social problem because it adversely affects the life of the adolescent and society. Evidence also shows that Teen Pregnancy is relatedRead Mor eEssay Truth about Teen Pregnancy1285 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Although the rate of teen pregnancy in the United States has declined greatly within the past few years it is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. These rates are still higher in 1993 then they were in 1963. In 1963, the case of Abington vs. Schempp, the United States Supreme Court banned school prayer and bible reading in school. Since then our nation has experienced increasing pregnancy rates. (Bennett, 1). 2. Birth rates for unwed girls from the ages 15-19 have nowRead MoreEssay about Teen Pregnancy Prevention 1164 Words   |  5 PagesMany methods can be used to prevent teenage pregnancy and can decrease the birthrate significantly. Doctors and parents play a key role in teen pregnancy preventions. Since teen birthrates are rising, teens have to have access to preventions in order for it to be effective. With having permission from a guardian to engage in preventions, children can prevent themselves from becoming a parent at such a young age. Parents should properly inform their child on the subject of sex and communicate withRead MoreEssay about The Underlying Causes of Teen Pregnancy1363 Words   |  6 Pages Before successfully preventing teen pregnancies among teenage girls, there are many underlying causes and facts about the dilemma that must be first exposed. Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of de pression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclearRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Prevention Anne Maxa English Composition II American InterContinental University November 20, 2011 Annotated Bibliography ------------------------------------------------- Essay Outline I. Thesis Statement: Teen pregnancy can easily be prevented with better educated teens, better communication between teens and parents, and the knowledge of contraceptives II. Teens will be less likely to become pregnant with better education. A. Classes offered in schoolsRead Moreâ€Å"Among American adolescent girls who have ever had intercourse, approximately one in six becomes700 Words   |  3 Pagespregnant† (Ventura et al., 2008). Teen pregnancy is an ongoing dilemma that concerns the baby, parents, and other family members. Anyone under the age of eighteen years old is considered to be a child and every year approximately 750,000 women aged fifteen to eighteen become pregnant (Guttmacher Institute, 2006). Also, teen pregnancy represents eleven percent of all births in the United States (Guttmacher Institute, 2006). The underlying cause of teen pregnancy is mainly the lack of education onRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Parenthood As A Social Problem1466 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy and parenthood as a social problem Question – To what extent should we regard the efforts of recent governments to reduce teenage pregnancy and early parenthood as successful? * Source 1 Williams-Wheeler, D. (2004). The unplanned pregnancy book for teens and college students, Virginia Beach, VA: Sparkledoll Productions. The information gathered from this source is definitely devoted to the topic of teenage pregnancy because it is a helpful guide to those handling unplanned pregnanciesRead MoreSex Ed By Anna Quindlen963 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause teens today are not much different from then. In Anna Quindlen’s essay, ‘Sex Ed,† she expresses that parents and teachers need to come together and talk to teenagers about sex. In Quindlen’s essay she talks about when she was sitting in a clinic in the poorest neighborhood in New York City. She sat with a group of young teenagers who amazed her with their knowledge of sexuality. Quindlen talks about someone mentioning the thought that sex education in school would lower or prevent teen pregnancyRead MoreSex Ed By Anna Quindelen Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesIn her essay â€Å"Sex Ed†, Anna Quindelen, a New York Times Columnist, journalist, and novelist, describes why teens should be taught sexual education by family members and loved ones rather than by teachers (Quindelen 183). In the essay, the author states that girls know the anatomy of a female’s reproductive system, and can tell the beginning and end of the ovarian cycles but can still end up pregnant. Knowledge isn’t always the right way to getting a point across. Desensitizing teens to important

Case Study 2 Essay examples - 1196 Words

BUSI 600 Dr. Michael Walker Case Assignment #2 Jaime Arze 9/15/14 3. Describe the sampling plan. Analyze its strengths and weaknesses. Just about every research sampling plan can be associated with a variety of strengths and weaknesses. These are challenges the decision maker in charge of the study must face when choosing the sampling plan for the specific research. Penton media devised a sampling plan that would require several steps, in order to isolate an ideal population of users to poll for their research. Their lengthy process included a multi-step system that began with a phone questionnaire; the second stage consisted of â€Å"pretest†, which was mailed to a smaller group of individuals pulled†¦show more content†¦This is the trait of an efficient sampling plan, and shows that the data collected by Penton Media about the reader service cards will prove highly efficient in their research. Among other strengths found in Pentons study was their ability to use an attribute-sampling plan and remain organized and focused througho ut their research. Pentons clarity, and organization with this study, paved the way towards accurate and efficient results. Throughout the study, the problem was clearly identified; the research efforts and resources were always focused on identifying the root of the cause. This allowed Penton to successfully conduct a research that would help understand the decline they were anticipating with their reader service cards. There is however, more than just praise towards Penton medias sampling plan. Weaknesses are a part of every sampling plan, and research approach and Pentons study is no exception. One of the bigger problems with the sampling plan is that only 710 responses were collected and studied, this comes after the information implies that there is a pool of 1.7 million subscribers in the Penton Database. The rule of thumb with most research designs is that the larger the sample sizes the more accurate the results. The sample size used by Penton media would suggest that the overall data recovered form the small group does not accurately representShow MoreRelatedCase Study 2 : Scotland6372 Words   |  26 Pages NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS CURRICULUM SUPPORT Business Management Extended Case Studies (Set 2) [INTERMEDIATE 2] [pic] The Scottish Qualifications Authority regularly reviews the arrangements for National Qualifications. Users of all NQ support materials, whether published by LT Scotland or others, are reminded that it is their responsibility to check that the support materials correspond to the requirements of the current arrangements. Read MoreBusiness Law Assignment 2 Case Study Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Law Assignment 2 Case Study Analysis Question (a) This case study of John and Dan manifests some legal issues which need a close analysis. The first legal aspect identifiable from this case is incorporating terms by a means of appending a signature on those terms. Secondly, the element of letting the buyer be aware is manifesting itself in this case through incorporation of notice in the terms of a contract. Additionally, any jury involved in this case may be interested in looking to theRead MoreUnit 2 Project Case Study Essay666 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study Sergeant Robert Christopher Michael Woodruff Kaplan University CJ345 Supervisory Practices in Criminal Justice Professor Greg Ariza March 12, 2013 Case Study Sergeant Robert Christopher This report will be about a case study about Robert Christopher. He is a new supervisor on the night shift. He is having problems with the officer motivation and communication. This report will include information on how he can help to improve the officer’s motivation and the communication betweenRead MoreAssessment 2 Case Study Notes Essay2166 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ Assessment 2 Case Study SOC 10007 Understanding the modern world Globalisation and Rationalisation Introduction The era of modernity, began and flourished in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. In every language, the meaning of ‘modern’ would mean up to date or contemporary. In sociology, it was referred to as the ‘Great transformation’, a term which reflects the enormous magnitude of change that took place (Polanyi, 1973). The main features of modernityRead MoreCase Study 21159 Words   |  5 PagesCASE STUDY 2 COMMUNITY GENERAL HOSPITAL I. INTRODUCTION Community General Hospital started in 1914 as Whittaker Memorial Hospital. A man by the name of Dr. Noland Wright was appointed as a manager at that time to review the hospital’s financial records. It turns out that Dr. Wright was trained only in the medical field not business. Unfortunately, he was the main cause for poor financial management at Community General Hospital.   By 1970, the hospital had suffered in major losses and debtsRead MoreCase Study 21038 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study 2 Jasmine Howard Liberty University Case Study 2 Part I Kaiser Manufacturing Company has been in business for over 50 years using the standard method staffing. Hiring its own employees, training, managing and all human resources issues were all handled in house. The option is now arising to use an employment agency, FSS, to relieve the burden from Kaiser Manufacturing Company. It is important to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of this option before changing the entire businessRead MoreCase Study 21267 Words   |  6 PagesCase  Study  2   Adapting  Store  Size  to  the  Type  of  Location   Submitted  By  :  Marie  Jo  Aguzar      87/100   Under  what  conditions  should  a  large  box  store  retailer  like  a  Best  Buy  Pursue  a   small ­store  strategy?         As  U.S.  chain  retailers  absorb  the  lessons  of  the  great  recession,  many  big ­box  chains   have  started  to  shrink  average  store  footprints  to  reflect  the  growing  importance  of   multi ­channel  shopping,  adapt  to  urban  settings  and  recognize  the  need  to  optimize   investment.  I  suspect  you  got  thRead MoreCase Study 21203 Words   |  5 PagesFLOW FROM FINANCING Decrease in long-term debt (12.9) Net cash flow from financing ($12.9) Net increase (decrease) in cash ($10.0) Beginning cash 37.2 Ending cash (calculated) $27.2 Actual ending cash (Check figure) $27.2 2. Use the Du Pont equation to obtain a rough feel for Commonwealth’s financial condition as compared to national averages. What are your conclusions? Du Pont Analyses: 2012 2013 Ind. Avg. Total margin 3.67% 5.73% 2.90%Read MoreCASE STUDY 2 Essay725 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Case Study #2 According to the text, the DIY Store is a nationwide chain that offers everything from home repair to general maintenance equipment for do-it-yourself projects. In addition to the wide variety of goods they sell, the DIY Company has been very successful due to the customer service they provide by hiring experienced employers and strategically placing them into departments that complement their knowledge and skills. Despite the success that DIY has seen since they entered the marketRead MoreCase Study 2 Hollywood1665 Words   |  7 PagesShahrokh Dalpour November 2 2014 Case Study-Hollywood Influence on Global Culture 1. Most aspects of foreign culture, like language, religion, gender roles, and problem-solving strategies, are hard for the casual observer to understand. In what ways do Hollywood movies affect national culture outside the United States? What aspects of U.S. culture do Hollywood films promote around the world? Can you observe any positive effects of Hollywood movies on world cultures? 2. Culture plays a key role

Children and Criminal Intent Free Essays

Case Study #1 James M. Bufford Liberty University Online 11/18/12 This week’s case study was very interesting from a developmental standpoint. It seems to be a rather blanket statement of our legal system to say that children under 7 are not held responsible for crimes and that a 6 year-old cannot form criminal intent. We will write a custom essay sample on Children and Criminal Intent or any similar topic only for you Order Now My personal opinion is that children differ in their maturity levels (some may act older, others younger, developmentally). However, with that opinion, I can see the argument of: Who determines that maturity level? What is that determination based upon? What research has been done to prove this? Therefore, we must refer to what has been proven through the many years of research of biosocial development. According to our text, the prefrontal cortex (sometimes called the frontal cortex or frontal lobe) is said to be the executive of the brain because all the other areas of the cortex are ruled by the planning, prioritizing and reflection in the prefrontal cortex. Still, this area must be developed-or mature-over the years; this development occurs through genetics and early experience (Berger, 2011, pg. 15). In this case, it seems the early experience of growing up around those that were most likely careless and irresponsible with guns, had a major impact on the boys life. Maybe he was taught to shoot in the backyard? All of this could be considered what Vygotsky considered to be â€Å"Social Learning†-which could also lead to the child being curious about guns and observant about how they are to be used, as well as being  "mentored† by his loved ones who were also in prison on gun-related charges (Berger, 2011, pg. 240). Maybe he feared his classmate? This may have led to him taking the gun to school, being afraid of confrontation. The interaction of the amygdala and the hippocampus can cause fear to be either constructive (causing a child to use good judgement); or, in this case, destructive, allowing fear and misplaced anger to take over their emotions and act out on what he’s seen other family members do (shooting a gun) (Berger, 2011, pg. 217). Perseveration, the tendency to persevere in, or stick to, one thought or action for a long time (Berger, 2011, pg. 216), may have also played a role in the child carrying out this action of shooting his classmate. The fact that he was able to remember overnight to take the gun to school and use it the next day. Acknowledging, once again, the childs’ upbringing, maybe he was encouraged to be like his other family members? This could be a natter of gaining extrinsic motivation, which is a drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that arises from the need to have one’s achievements rewarded outside, perhaps by receiving material possessions or another person’s esteem (Berger, 2011, pg. 267). This, as well, is crucial to consider when looking at all the factors that went into the child committing this crime. Who knows how long this lifestyle was embedded into his young, impressionable mind! There were so many variables that contributed to this unfortunate situation. The fact that he ran into the corner after pulling the trigger shows that maybe when he got in trouble at home, he was sent to the corner as a way of punishment. His actions after the crime showed he carried on as a child, not realizing the significance and danger of what just occurred due to his impulsiveness in the moment of anger. REFERENCES Berger, 2011. The Developing Person Through The Life Span. New York, NY. Worth Publishers How to cite Children and Criminal Intent, Essay examples

Grant Application or Business Case †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Grant Application or Business Case. Answer: Introduction: In the current scenario, the food industry is growing with rapid speed and having significant contribution in the GDP and tourism activities of the nations. The planning of business about food restaurant in hospital will require skilled human resources who can help in the development of menu, planning of operations, preparation and delivery of the food. The infrastructure and implementation of technical tools for taking the order and offering the information to the customer. The prior planning of business and development of the roadmap of the business would be beneficial for the management. The opening of the restaurant to provide food in the hospital in Sidney, Australia would be the major task that will require financial resources to establish the restaurant. For starting the business in Australia the option of the opening of food restaurant in hospital would be more feasible (Fuller, 2016). The supply of the services would be manageable as there are many vendors are available for offering the raw material to prepare the food in hospital according to menu and requirements of customers. The consideration of issues of economy, human resources and implementation of technical resources would be the major concern of the management to meet the objectives. To meet the needs of local and international customers. To offer high-quality food and services. To gain profit from the organization. The small business unit requires funds for managing the following operations in the business which are playing vital role in the planning and implantation of business project, Working capital: For starting the business sufficient amount of working capital is required which is the major reason for funding. The working capital helps to maintain the health of the business that can be gain from the external sources like banking institute and investors. A loan can help the management to cover the short-term fund requirements of business to grow to meet the needs of customers and supplier for food restaurants in hospital (Junior.et al. 2016). This kind of approach in funding of working capital will help the organization to gain the advantage of new opportunities by investing in the development of new products and services for customers. Asset purchase: In the business of food restaurant in hospital, the funds are required for purchasing of assets to prepare and deliver the food to the customers. The major assets of the restaurant are furniture, determination of quality interior and ambience as well human resources. In the current scenario, customer demands entertainment too with food so implementation of equipments like music system, big projector screen as well development of facilities would be requires funding. The setup of kitchen and machinery for preparing and offering the food demand funds (Wray.et al. 2015). Cash flow: the process of owning a business can be a roller coaster especially in a hard time of slow demand and the weak economy. To survive in these conditions the management will require funds to maintain the cost of the basic operations and pay to the human resources. For that reason, owner of the restaurant will need funds to keep the ship afloat. Inventory: For the food product and services business in hospital, inventory of the raw material plays the critical role in the management of timely services (Malherbe, 2015). The prior forecasting and availability of raw material are essential to meet the needs and demand of the customer. This would be a major reason for funding in the business. For opening the restaurant in hospital the location Sydney is selected as there football of international and local people is high that are looking for quality food and services to spend some quality time with the friends and family members. The growth of food industry is 8% which indicates that business of food restaurant would have potential to grow with the effectiveness. According to analysis, the demand for quality food and services is high in the selected region of Australia. The business process of food is beneficial for management as a demand of verity food is increasing as people are investing on quality food and services that are encouraging the food business. By considering information, the financial required are high for the establishment of a restaurant as a development of infrastructure and recruitment of skilled human resource will be important (Begenau, 2016). The major food business is also having significant contribution in the GDP and attraction of tourist to the particular location. Preparation of the budget The budget has been prepared for the first financial year which consists of all related activities regarding the operation of the restaurant in hospital in Sydney. This facilitates corporation in integrating all related resources because right forecasting is done for the material needed in the manufacturing of several products and services. On the other hand, forecasting from the zero-based cash budget assists management of new restaurant to access cost-effective sources and ensure the successful operation of the business for longer time span. The budget of the business has been prepared in accordance with the outcome presented in the cash flow statement. For this purpose, each year is considered as the financial year and accordingly amount of revenue and expenses has been divided for each year. It is assumed that amount of expenses will remain same in all months of the single financial year. This helps management keep a record of the expenses in a more effective manner. Table 1: Zero-based cash budget January February March April May June July August September October November December Revenue Cash balance 24832.7 49665.3 74498 99330.7 124163 148996 173829 198661 223494 248327 273159 Sales 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 54166 Total revenue 54166 78998.7 103831 128664 153497 178329 203162 227995 252827 277660 302493 327325 Expenses 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 18333.3 Purchase 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Loan 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 1666.67 Electricity bill 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 8333.33 Total expense 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 29333.3 Surplus/ deficit 24832.7 49665.3 74498 99330.7 124163 148996 173829 198661 223494 248327 273159 297992 The above-mentioned budget shows that in every year the company will increase its revenue because of its unique identity in the marketplace and meeting the expectations of customers. However, loan or long-term debt will be paid on time every month so as to reduce the financial burden. It aids to achieve the long as well as short-term objectives of the business as management would be able to arrange other resources accordingly. The constant increase or rise in the profitability of restaurant in hospital in Sydney shows that it can effectively recover the cost of production and increase the overall rate of return. This aids to cater the requirement of the business and shed light on its expansion for a long term. Build-up of the budget from a zero-based The budget for the second financial year has been prepared as follows where the outcome generated from first financial year considered (Malherbe, 2015). This enables management of restaurant in hospital in Sydney to estimate the requirement of the financial resources and accordingly access suitable sources. However, the below-mentioned budget reflects that company is not required to acquire the financial resources from any other party. The most significant or crucial aspect is that firm has control over its expenses so that accordingly revenue is increased. This, in turn, the company is ensuring consistent growth and development in the marketplace. However, unfavourable condition might face when the business Table 2: Cash budget January-March April-June July-September October-December Revenue Cash balance 297992 348992 399992 450992 Sales 195000 195000 195000 195000 Total revenue 492992 543992 594992 645992 Expenses 60500 60500 60500 60500 Purchase 3500 3500 3500 3500 Loan 5000 5000 5000 5000 Electricity bill 75000 75000 75000 75000 Total expenses 144000 144000 144000 144000 Surplus/ deficit 348992 399992 450992 501992 The aforementioned budget is prepared on a quarterly basis in which in the first quarter business get surplus worth 348992 because the cash balance of the previous year is added in the revenue. In this manner, it becomes easy for the new restaurant in Sydney to ensure smooth operation without acquiring the loan. Furthermore, revenue or rate of return for the business is increasing in all the quarter. It proves to be effective in expanding the business in the future time span and meeting the requirement of the business in the right manner. Moreover, yearly expenses are divided per month so that it becomes easy for a corporation to have right control over the expenses and accordingly overall performance of the business can be managed in an effectual manner. A contingency plan for managing the financial needs For an implementation of new project or plan, there is need of contingency planning that helps to deal with the unexpected situations as well maintaining the financial health of the organization. For planning of financial needs for surviving in the crisis conditions would be involve following steps: Specific actions: The top amendment of an organization need to plan the specific actions for fund management for future by considering the multiple scenarios using the contingency planning. This kind of planning would involve opinion of stakeholder as well actions that have been taken by the competitor organizations in these situations (Iacoviello, 2015). For example, the organization will deposit some amount for the security of the business which can be used in this kind of situations to run the business without interruption. Adjustment in working capital: The contingency planning of business will involve the adjustment in the allocation and utilization of working capital to meet the financial needs of a particular situation. As the situation of business gets improved the management can increase the bonus accruals (Sadgrove, 2016). The preferable actions need to be taken to mitigate the situation of crisis. The prior adjustment by forecasting financial situations will be beneficial for an organization to meet the objectives. Assessment of revenue and resources allocation: the planning will be the focus on revenue and cost of the operations to make changes in the financial activities to have sufficient funds for maintaining the operational activities. The top management will assess revenue from the business as well make the distribution of resources accordingly which will help to receive certain benefits in the moment of crisis (Finch, 2016). For example, the management could influence the prices of products and services to maintain the financial investment. Break-even analysis The break-even point indicates that point from where the ratio of profitability can be derived. It assists corporation or management to under the situation of neither profit nor loss. The restaurant for hospital in Sydney would accordingly make huge profitability which aids to recover initial cost and meet the expectations of all related stakeholders. The below-mentioned calculation reflects the break-even point. At this juncture, operating expenses incurred from the first financial year is 320000 and long-term debt is 20000. On the other hand, sales revenue generated from the first financial year is 650000. Owing to this, 52.30% is considered as the break-even point. Operating Expenses + Long-term debt/sales (320000+20000)/650000=52.30% The break-even analysis has been conducted from the outcome of the cash flow of restaurant for hospital in Sydney. It is based on certain assumptions which are explained below the table. The below-mentioned table reflects sales turnover is keep on increasing which facilitate to cater the requirement of all related operational activities. However, additional expenses such as VAT and interest-free borrowing are generated by the business. In this manner, first financial year derived sales turnover worth 650000 whereas in the second year it was 780000 and the third year contain sales turnover worth 936000. This amount of sales turnover is considered as the final outcome or cash received for the respective financial years. Furthermore, cash expenses are incurred in hiring the raw material, labour that facilitates produce the final outcome for meeting the expectations of customers. However, no any kind of long-term assets would be purchased in the first financial year but later it would. Apart from this, a corporation will not pay the dividend because no such money has been borrowed. Owing to this, financing aspect of the business is secured whereby it becomes easy to meet the expectations of all related parties and increase the rate of return for the corporation. Moreover, management of the business incur expenses in acquiring the assets and paying the long-term debt so as to meet the short and long-term obligations on the right time. The aspect of meeting the short-term obligation on the time is helpful to maintain the successful operation of the business. This proves to be effective in deriving the valid outcome and supporting all related stakeholders of the business. On the other hand, it might be possible that cost of production increases with the variation in the cash expenses. For this purpose, tight control will be imposed by the management of the business in order to increase the rate of return. Table 3: Cash flow statement 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Cash inflows Operations Cash Sales 650000 780000 936,000 CASH FROM OPERATIONS 650000 780000 936000 Additional Cash VAT and other taxes 0 0 0 Current Borrowings 0 0 0 Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 0 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 0 0 Sales Current Assets 0 0 0 Investment 0 0 0 CASH RECEIVED 650000 780000 936000 Expenditures 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year Operations Expenditures Cash expenses 220000 242000 266200 Bill and other payments 100000 300000 600000 OPERATIONS 320000 542000 866200 Extra Cash Spent VAT and other taxes 0 0 0 Principal Repayment on Borrowing 0 0 0 Other Liabilities Repayments made 0 0 0 Long-term Liabilities payments 20000 20000 20000 Current assets Purchased 12000 14000 18000 Long-term Assets Purchased 0 18000 18200 Dividend paid 0 0 0 CASH SPENT 352000 594000 922400 Net Cash Flow 298000 186000 13600 The sales revenue of the business will be increased by 20% in each financial year The expenses incurred in the production phase will be increased through 10% Uniqueness in the products and services reduces the need for marketing There will be the high or large number of customers. The firm will outperform in the marketplace as it would offer varied range of products and services The suppliers are easily approachable and they provide timely material of the production of safe and quality products. The new service of product which is being offered by new restaurant would be different from other competitors and perfectly meet the expectations of customers. Owing to this, sales turnover will be increased continuously. The cost of production or indirect cost might increase due to a poor economic condition. At this juncture, management might be in the need for acquiring sources. Therefore, the new restaurant in Sydney considers both positive and negative outcome and accordingly contingency plan has also been provided. Conclusion The aforementioned report concludes that management of new restaurant can easily manage its profitability and expenses by having control over different business activities. It can also be said that At this juncture, the price of products might be increased so as to recover the cost and increase the rate of return from the business. Also, training can be provided to personnel so they focus on the quality of products and services whereby sales can be increased automatically. References Begenau, J., 2016. Capital requirements, risk choice, and liquidity provision in a business cycle model. Finch, B., 2016.How to write a business plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Fuller, G.W., 2016.New food product development: from concept to marketplace. CRC Press. Iacoviello, M., 2015. Financial business cycles.Review of Economic Dynamics,18(1), pp.140-163. Junior, E.L.C. and Morand, C., 2016. Interest of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) as a new natural functional food to preserve human cardiovascular healthA review.Journal of Functional Foods,21, pp.440-454. Malherbe, F., 2015. Optimal capital requirements over the business and financial cycles. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Wray, H.E., Grant, S., Kofman, E. and Peel, C., 2015. Family friendly? The impact on children of the family migration rules: a review of the financial requirements.

Can the Music Industry Change Its Tune free essay sample

The music recording industry has been rocked by the peer to peer file sharing technology. The distribution of music Is now available as a digital product (Bloodstock, Kauffman, Riggings 2004). The industry claims that the file sharing technology has caused a reduction in their profits. The increase in popularity of devices that play the digital music, such as the MPH player, Apple pod and the Dell JukeBox, are driving the demand for MPH-formatted music.The digital music format Is here to stay and Is fast becoming the preferred product choice for music customers (Bloodstock, Kauffman, Rig;NSA 2004). 1. Apply the value chain and competitive forces models to the music recording Industry. U. S. Retail sales of recorded music dropped from $1 billion in 1999 to $10. Bun in 2003 (Keenan 2004), while the popularity of digital music has grown. Meanwhile, Apple Attunes customers grew from 861,000 In July 2003 to 4. 9 million In March 2004 (Borderland and Fried 2004), reflecting digital musics new role as a strategic necessity of the music industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Can the Music Industry Change Its Tune? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Analysts predict that in five years 20% to 33% of all music sales will shift from CDC to digital distribution (Keenan 2004). With this In mind the music recording industry may have to change Its value chain and business models to adapt and survive in this modern digital world. The following figure demonstrates the traditional value chain. Figure 1: Traditional Music Industry Value Chain: Figure 1, shows the main drivers for value In the traditional recorded music value chain Include copyright and licensing, production, distribution and Inventory, and promotion and marketing costs (Bloodstock, Kauffman, Riggings 2004). For digital music, there is no longer a physical product to manufacture. Instead the product itself is information: the digital music recording (Bloodstock, Kauffman, Riggings 2004). The nature of the new digital music format Is a key driver of the new virtual value chain in the industry. The following figure illustrates a new outlook on the digital music value chain. Figure 2: Digital Music Industry Value Chain Figure 1 2: distribution is decreasing, but digital music retailers add new value.With Internet distribution and music piracy, they can now add value through marketing, promotions, copyrighting and licensing. There is also value added through enforcement of IP rights and piracy prevention (Bloodstock, Kauffman, Riggings 2004). He competitive forces model can be used to evaluate the music recording industrys current situation and what business strategy they may employ to maintain and generate new sales. Figure 3: Porters competitive forces model Figurer: Forces Driving Industry Competition. Source: M.Porter, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: Free Press, 198. Rhea Internet has completely remodeled the competitive forces model for music industry over last few years. Digital technology meant that media, including Cads, could easily be copied without loss of quality. The arrival of MPH meant that the opted version could be compressed without any noticeable drop in quality, this makes the distribution much easier. The internet offers a network where the copies can be exchanged.After Peer-to-Peer programs such as Anapest were invented the general population was able to obtain a near-perfect copy of a CD for nothing. The competition arises from: Industry competitors: Five major recording labels MI, Sony Music, BMW, Universal Music Group and Manner Music Group account for about 75% of the market share worldwide. The companies which embrace new business models/strategies will gain a competitive advantage which ultimately will help them to survive in the new digital music environment.Potential Entrants: Rhea five major labels can not take their market share for granted anymore as many artists are cutting out the record companies and establishing their own website from Inch they can promote their music, the competition naturally becomes more ferocious. Companies such as Anapest, Grosser and Apple limits the recording labels profit as the sales of CDC drops and the downloading of digital music rapid ly increases. Substitutes: If a record companies product isnt priced right, or not delivered in the right format, t from the internet or burn the CD from a peer. Errs: Rhea power of the consumer has increased due to the availability of music online. Consumers can now download music for free, instead of having to make a lager purchase for a CD in a traditional music store. This requires record companies to sell their product at a lower price and through different channels. Luckily, they have begun to do this (tunes from Apple for example). Record companies need to listen to the wishes of consumers as they cannot prescribe a format or a channel. Suppliers: Due to the introduction of the internet, artists have become less dependent on the rotational networks of the record companies.Authors can directly promote their material through their own website. Some completely by-pass the record company all together. The author gains more control over their own product and the record company now has less control. 2. What role did the Internet play in changing value propositions and the competitive environment? To what extent has it been responsible for declining CD sales? Explain [our answer. Rhea value proposition of CDC has decreased due to the increase in music available did the internet and new technologies.With the introduction of larger memory yester and digital music the need to physically own a CD has declined. Rhea competitive environment of the music market is changing, new forms of entertainment and technology are taking over and altering the way we use and play music. Compact discs are not obsolete but the way we use and access music is changing. People are relying more and more on other forms of entertainment. Many internet users choose free music downloads over purchasing music. It is estimated that 37 million Americans have downloaded music (Lauded p. 143).In 2000, CD sales Nerve about $35. 5 billion, in 2001 sales fell to $33. Billion, a decrease of 5% (lauded p 144). The Recording Industry Association of America (ARIA) is amongst those that blame the access to, and downloading of, free music for the declining CD sales. But not everybody believes this is the full reason. In an article in Necessities (flexible Borehole-gee, Harvard Business School Massachusetts, and Coleman Strumpet, University of North Carolina concluded with their research that . At most, file sharing can explain a tiny fraction of this decline.In that same article Amy Weiss of ARIA states that countless well respected groups and analysts have all determined hat illegal file sharing has adversely impacted the sales of CDC. Research by people Independent of the Music Industry seems to suggest other factors for the decrease in CD sales. These include other forms of entertainment introduction of new technology and storage systems rising prices of Cads weak economy Some researches believe that digital downloads have in-fact increased the sales of music.A survey by Jupiter Research found that Of a survey of 3,319 people 0 found that file traders were reporting that they now bought more music than they had before From his research Borehole-Gee suggests that file sharing has little or no effect on the amount of sales saying [File sharing] is not as dangerous as many have believed. The music industrys ability to influence what people listen to seems almost unbroken , and that That industry marketing video play on MET, for instance seems to affect downloads as well as CD sales. . Analyze the response of the music recording industry to these changes. What management, organization, and technology issues affected this response? Response of the recording Industry The recording industries response to the changing market was to try and stop advances. 0 Testator with they went head to head with Anapests, a website roving software and services that allowed consumers to download MPH music for free, they sued them for violating copyright laws (Lauded, Peggy). Anapest was sued in 1999.In 2003, the Australian Music Industry (AM) took an internet service provider to court involving alleged music piracy, followed by an 11 month investigation. (Pearce 2003). In 2006, Sherman Networks, Sydney, Australia agreed to a payout for compensation to record companies, rumored to be IIS$1 million. (Gonzales 2006). Also in 2006, in Germany, the IF took action against illegal file sharing, with 3500 individuals facing criminal prosecution for uploading large mounts of copyrighted material on peer to peer networks. (if. Org 2006). The industry have also targeted other software providers, unsuccessfully in 2004 and individuals, sending cease and desist letters. 0 Have sent instant messages to Aziza and Grosser accessories said, When you break the law, you risk legal penalties. There is a simple way to avoid there risks: DONT STEAL MUSIC (Lauded, peg 144). 0 How far can they take it? A report by Alexandra Center (University of Chicago) suggests that The development of broadband facilitates music swapping. A soundtrack that takes more than 12 minutes with a dial-up connection can be unloaded in as fast as 20 seconds with a high-speed connection. Teaming up with sites that provide legal low cost downloads has increased legal download sales, Bandsman (2005) reports that During the first half of 2005, legal downloads accounted for IIS$790 million in sales compared with IIS$220 million for the first half of 2004. Thats an increase of more than 350 percent in download sales0 Finally realizing that these methods while sometimes successful would not solve the problem a major recording company finalized a licensing agreement and Mishmash, the first APP legal downloading site was created.Since many other sites have also reached agreements with the recording companies and low cost, legal downloads are available. 2; The music industry deems inter net piracy as the sole reason for the reduction in sales of CDC and loss of revenue. Parts of the music industry has not embraced the new technology and most still have the old school mentality. 2; The music industry decided that it was time to get more involved with the digital world by offering music at competitive prices and removing some of the downfalls of file sharing, like mislabel or infected song files (US News, 2003). The Music recording labels section within the music industry will have to transform their traditional role which is the physical distribution of albums, to managing a smaller set of artists, multiple distribution channels and customer information (Krueger, Eastman and Van Deer Beak, 2004) Technology 2; With the new digital music technology artists are able to promote and sell their music directly to the customer by the internet. #9642; Labels do not have the necessary technological infrastructure to allow for the distribution of digital music Labels would require the rights to produce the same music in a digital format Krueger, Eastman and Van Deer Beak, 2004). To prevent illegal copying of music over the internet digital fingerprinting and digital watermarking are put in place. The digital material is encoded with information such as the author and copyright date. The digital products location can be monitored when the digital fingerprints and watermarking are combined with tracking devices (Harvey, 2002). What is the current business strategy of the music industry? Do you think it is liable? Explain your answer. Despite some success with suing individuals, the music industry is unable to stop illegal downloading and copying of music. Obviously it had to come up with a way of benefiting both the downloaded and the music industry. This resulted in internet users now being able to swap music freely and legally with the success of sites such as tunes.Grosser, a file sharing network, and Synonyms Nortek together to come up with a system combing free music sampling with paid downloads. This resulted in Mishmash, finalized in June 2005. This was the first APP to complete a licensing deal with a major recording company. This allows a person to download and listen to a track for a number of times, before purchasing it for accents. Their success now allows the music industry to make money from downloading music. Record companies say they made 1. 7 billion from digital downloads last year. ABACI. Net 2006). Phonographic industry said in 2006, Delayed in the I-J and Germany, two of the biggest digital markets worldwide, legal buyers from sites like tunes, Musically and MS actually exceed illegal file swappers. Target Groups Rhea target group of the music industrys sales is all ages from babies with relaxation music through to the old classics from yesteryear. Other target groups the music industry must focus on are the recording artists they are producing. The musicIndustries compete with: other recording companies illegal download sites friends burning copies of music the companies that produce new technology like the MPH player that only requires {o to download the song onto the memory card etc There are really only 5 major recording companies, providing 80% of recorded music, (Lauded, peg 143) Each company must not only compete with a changing market but also the competition that exists between each recording provider. The number of companies allows artist to shop a round and find the best deal before committing.Universal music groups current e-commerce ventures including: 0 digital download obstruction web casting interactive radio pay-per-play through all digital channels of purchase such as computers set top boxes portable devices. (wry. Universalistic. Com) Rhea long term goals of the music companies involve expanding business inc reasing sales and profit TV finding ways to advance their production and distribution of music with new technologies. The record companies are focusing themselves on the profit or lack of profit rather than embracing the changes in the market.They cannot change the new technologies created or the way people are choosing to listen or obtain music. O continue being profitable they must embrace changes in the market and find new Nays to continue providing their services New technology means new opportunities in the market they need to focusing on providing: cheap safe downloads. Consumers are more likely to pay for music downloads if they know that what they are downloading is from a safe, virus free source. Some sites for downloading music, consumers risk downloading a virus with the song. Changing the contracts that they have with the recording artists so that they are making a profit off all their efforts including endorsements and sponsors. Suing your potential customers is not positive strategy that will increase sales, instead it produces negative feedback and bad publicity. Sending letter seems like a waste of time and money, the $10000 they got from each of the students wouldnt even make a dent in the amount of money 5. What is the effect on an author if people download copyrighted material from the N.B.?If you were an author how would you feel? One of the main problems as confirmed by Ted Cohen, MI UP of New Media, is that nobody feels wrong about doing what (downloading free Amps on the Internet) theyre doing(Doubloons-Turbot t al). When music is downloaded illegally, artists are deprived of royalties from their songs. With this in mind and the increasing rate of internet music downloading/file sharing an author may need to think of new ideas and solutions to advance into the digital future.Some artists may feel angry and cheated due to the loss of royalties, as opposed to others who might use the technology to their advantage. The internet Mould allow authors to boost their exposure, promote and market their music through a web site. Rhea use of legal downloading of copyright music through online distribution allows ewe opportunities for the music industry to develop new business strategies that Nil in turn be profitable for artists and musicians (Krueger, Eastman van deer Beck, 2003). According to the musician Mob, the record industry will have to throw out its current business model.Once the record companies have less marketing clout, and Ninth internet distribution, artists will be in powerful position. Why is a record company any more qualified to send an MPH to tunes than I am? (Doubloons-Turbot et al). Rhea Recording Industries Association of America (Aria) suggests that Unauthorized striation of music is killing both sales growth and profits. The result is music costs more to produce, theres greater risk in signing smaller acts with uncertain audiences, and the lower sales volumes have forced the labels to raise the retail price of CDC. As an author initially I would feel annoyed, robbed and vulnerable as I would not receive my full entitlements. I would be concerned about the future and have to start thinking how I could make the most of the digital era. Conclusion Nile studies show that early on free downloads and music piracy had a major effect n the sale of Cads, later studies and statistics also show that if the music industry and the APP sites work together, then a happy medium can be reached, with the benefits all around. Can the Music Industry Change Its Tune free essay sample The online downloading of music from the Internet has ripped apart the old business model of record companies controlling the production of albums which are purchased through record shops. The last few turbulent years have seen many high profile law suits; some of which went In favor of the music Industry and some of which went against. 1. Apply the value chain and competitive forces models to the music recording Industry. 2. What role did the Internet play in changing value propositions and the competitive environment?To what extent has it been responsible for declining CD sales? Explain your answer. 3. Analyses the response of the music recording industry to these changes. What management, organization, and technology issues affected this response? 4. What Is the current business strategy of the music Industry? Do you think It Is viable? Explain your answer. 5. What Is the effect on an author If people download copyrighted material from the web? If you were an author how would you feel? Introduction: For many years the recording industry has been threatened by the impact of genealogy. We will write a custom essay sample on Can the Music Industry Change Its Tune? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before the CD and the internet, in the iii there was the cassette tape, which began the Issue of illegally copying music by individuals. Steven Hanford (2003) says that music is in transition from being a tangible commodity to becoming an intangible one and I*This side-materializing of music has the big five companies worried, and with good reason. I To address the Issues In the recording Industry It Is necessary to describe the industry business models bearing in mind the managerial, organizational and technological impacts in today society. The value chain model Is an organizations set of linked, value-creating activities, ranging from securing basic raw materials and energy to the ultimate delivery of products and services. The model is used to address specific business activities I OFF (such as lowering cost to provide better value to customers, producing a different product or, enlarging or narrowing the current market. ) The primary activities of the value chain model include the production and distribution of products and services and the support activities include organizational infrastructure, human resources, recurrent and technology (Lauded and Lauded 2006, p. 1). In the music industry the value chain model can be seen in the growth of companies which use the Internet as their medium ( egg. Aziza, Morpheme, Grosser, limier, torrent download sites). The internet has made it possible to create a new online digital product compared with the physical product in a store. Following from this is the ease of new entrants in the market due to price rivalry by providing lower cost products to consumers who enjoy the ease of use and the accessibility of the product. Porters competitive forces model (Lauded and Lauded 2006, p. ), outlines the need for businesses within an industry to cooperate to achieve strategic advantage due to market threats and opportunities which affect the firm. These threats include: OX New entrants OX Substitute products OX Bargaining power of customers OX Bargaining power of suppliers OX The positioning of traditional industry competitors Hanford (2003) is concerned about the way that the five major record labels (Universal Music, Sony Music, Warner Music, BMW and MI ) have continued to take over the minor labels. They belong to the Recording Industry Association of America (ARIA).They also control about 80% of all titles produced, own distribution companies that control over 80% of the wholesale market and often have the rights to much of the copyrighted music iv and often not the original artists (Hanford, 2003). Despite the efforts of the five major record labels the success of new entrants and products is overwhelming. The new products are cheap and easy to use and are market driven due to the bargaining power of customers who want value for money and suppliers who aim to maximizes profit with lower costs.Constantly, new substitute products are introduced to the market (egg. Pod and MPH players, MPH files replacing CDC and tapes). The Role of the Internet The internet is fast becoming the way in which consumers do business, where consumers once went to a retail store to select their product or any service they needed, now they only need to log onto the internet and make a purchase. The from warehouse to consumer. In turn the internet has reduced cost of marketing, information storage and to make their products or services more widely available and at reduced cost to consumers. His is having an effect on old business models and thus creating a new business del. For the music industry this has meant that consumers are not physically going into their stores but using the internet to obtain their information. They can order music over the net, see what is topping the charts and even find information about their favorite singer. Iris has also led to consumers legally and illegally downloading music for their POD or MPH players or burning CDC with their favorite songs..This has also meant that some authors/artists are not receiving the royalties from their music. Research by Bacchanalian LLC state more than 1 billion songs per week are unloaded from file-sharing programs (Lauded and Lauded 2006, p. 143). These programs are legal, however, they do allow the individual to illegally copy and download. There is a consumer belief that the internet is available for all and downloading is a natural part of the internet.. Only a small handful of people ever get caught for illegal downloading and it is a very difficult area to control.Consumers are attracted to I*freebies: or bargains and find the downloading option very appealing. ANAPEST had 80 million users until it was shut down, currently Aziza has most of the 7 million US users (Lauded and Lauded 2006, p. 143). Ere Internet and declining CD sales Downloading, (egg. I*peer-to-peer: through Aziza, Morpheme, Grosser, and later Apple tunes) has been accused by the industry of dramatically reducing sales and therefore profits. The music industry claims the cost due to music file sharing is billions of dollars per year (Lauded and Lauded 2006, p. 44). However, Bricklike (2002), stated that while there was a decline in sales (2000-2001) the revenue was up due to 7% rise in CD prices. Some critics say there are other contributing factors to the decline in sales. For example, consumers may be burning more CDC customers may have made a demand shift to DVD ( no US homes had DVD:s in 1999 but 35% had them in 2002). Also, CD prices have risen at a higher rate than the rise in consumer prices. Hanford (2003) puts it down to piracy I*kind Just plain unexciting music from the recording companies .Figures released by ARIA on thematic. Com website reported a 250% increase in Australian wholesale music market has grown by 27. 12% but heavy price discounting caused the dollar value of sales to drop by 3. 11%. Other reasons for declining CDC sales can be attributed to new products such as Pods and MPH players. New products are creating more opportunity for increased information storage and the products can be tailored to the individual taste. It is becoming easier to find and download music from the internet either legally or through piracy.In the words of Jeff Orphan a manager for artists and music producers: acids have become little more that advertisements for more-lucrative goods like concert ticks and T-shirts. I sales are so down and so off that, as a manager, I look at a CD as part of the marketing of an artist, more than an income article_email/SB117444575607043728-1 Nonjudgmental) The Music Industry Response The initial response from the music industry is to pull rank and incur costly legal expenses in the face of consumer demand for cheaper products.The industry has somewhat unsuccessfully sued firms and then has targeted individuals by using technology to message users about stealing or to obtain information on the identification of users who download. This has been challenged legally (Lauded and Lauded 2006, poppy-144). ARIA did identify and prosecute students and individuals for illegal music downloading. Letters were sent to colleges requesting that their students stop downloading music illegally. There have been prosecutions and compensation (not of much dollar value) was paid by university campuses where file-sharing was operating (Lauded and Lauded 2006, up. 43-143). ARIA sent Aziza and Grosser users messages stating sheen you break the law, you risk legal penalties. ARIA then filed lawsuits against 261 Americans. While the lawsuits have frightened some of the illegal downloaded there are still a large number who believe that there is nothing wrong with downloading or sharing music files (Lauded and Lauded), p. 144). In December 2003, the recording industry was dealt a further blow when the US Appeals court disallowed the method used by the recording industry (via ISP to determine online pirates (Did : Angelo 2003).Another response was to try a new strategy with music delivered legally by the internet with pricing structures. With consumers paying $1. 00 per song turnover increase would be around $5 billion a month. In 2002 songs were licensed for legal Other responses mentioned later have stemmed from the fact that these reposes are not working. Management issues affecting this response could include: How to counter-attack the threat to the industry long term stronghold over the industry (power issues) Concern about the serious impact that they thought downloading was having on profits.The issues of copyrights and the impact on the owners (even though many companies own the music, not the author/artist). Other issues would include the time, cost, effort involved in: How to compete within the industry at the new game Investigating other avenues for making money iv egg. Obtain income from artists other earnings (concerts, merchandise etc) Investigating ways to provide a product that cannot be downloaded e. Bonus collectors item, books, picturesOrganization issues affecting this response could include: The threat of loss of control over the market forces such as production, marketing, distribution and retail The impact on the business model iv it would have to be redesigned if alternatives Nerve sort in order to compete The cost of redesigning business processes for a change in focus and production of new products The huge impact on sales and distribution and the people and businesses involved Technology issues affecting this response would be the how to use technology to satisfy management and organization responses to the issues.For example: How to identify and address copyright lawb reakers. How the compete in the industry at the same game Ere current business strategy of the music industry In 2003, Apple Computers in conjunction with the recording industry implemented Tunes which was a legal and easy to use downloading product that has liberal copy laws (Lauded and Lauded 2006, up. 144-145). Another angle being pursued in Australia is a levy on blank CD and DVD media (a similar attempt to implement a levy on blank cassette tapes was rejected by the High Court). This levy, between three and five percent, presumes that most CDC are used or the purpose of copying copyrighted material, but enables buyers to obtain a refund if used for a legitimate purpose. The Federal Government is considering this. : Discourses year? ). There appears to have been some attempt by the industry to lower the price of the CD from around the ADD$30 to less than half price. The phasing out of the CD I*singles: recently is an indication that the music industry is still working on their Issues. He viability of current business strategy Ere business strategy for online distribution of songs is still progressing and its fate is unknown at this stage. Some believe that is will only be good for selling other products that the companies market. Consumers can still obtain cheaper products illegally through legal means). Ere biggest costs to the music industry are talent and marketing. There have been suggestions of consolidation of the 5 companies to 3 to give the industry more power. : II try to find this source!! JAW) There have also been reports of breaking ranks within the industry.In the New York rimes April 3, 2007 it was reported that MI skibobs ranks with the music industry biggest corporations yesterday by announcing a deal to sell songs online through Apple:s music service without copy protection. This unprotected music sells for $1. 29 per song (compared with . 99 cents per song) and the albums is(without intricacy software and in higher quality will sell for about $9. 99 (the regular price). Ninth Tunes being released the music industry was hoping for a rise in revenue in the digital music industry, this has not been so.While sales have risen it has not compensated for the fall in CD sales from a year ago. Over 40 countries have similar schemes to the one being investigated in Australia. Obscured year ). Recreating individuals will not stop file sharing e. Ill sharing will continue regardless . In fact, targeting individuals may cause a rejection of buying CDC in itself. Generally, it is quite clear that the current business strategy of the music industry is not working. The best way to stay viable in the industry would be to focus on cost reduction and to offer more value to the consumer.If consumers doom:t see value in buying CDC they are likely to download the music they want at a fraction of the cost. Ere impact on the author on downloading material from the web Assuming that this was illegal downloading and the author of the material in this ease was also the artist and held the copyright over the product, the author would miss out on the royalties that are payable in relation to the sale. In this case tit not Just the companies that miss out on a cut from sales, tit also the authors/artists etc. The author may not get the recognition that they deserve for how popular their music may actually be. The music charts, for example, are determined by CD sales, but while an artist may be popular, people may not be purchasing the music legitimately. This can lead too reduction in the artists image as they may be seen as not being as popular as they actually are. This could impact on the artist in a number of ways. Firstly, they may see a drop in ticket sales for their concerts due to reduced media exposure.Secondly, offers for advertising campaigns, movie deals etc may also decrease. There are many changes in the music world that impact on the artists/authors. For example, the authors of music produced by the recording industry are not always the same person as the artist. Another recent change has been the artist taking control over free internet distribution in order to create interest. Just recently, Radioed has shocked the industry by making the new album available online for a nominated price (Gibson 2007).The new album I*Len Rainbows to be released for download on 10 October 2007 is I*the most high-profile attempt yet to restructure the economics of a music industry struggling with the effects of digital piracy: (Gibson 2007). On the first day of sale more people had committed to paying 40 pound for the I*bonus: album than had ordered the download. The band had refused to use tunes because the Apple service sells individual tracks and not whole albums (Gibson 2007). How would the author feel? Therefore, an artist contracted to the companies within the music industry who was acquired illegally. However, if the artist/author has some control over the process it can be used to their advantage as with Radioed mentioned above who are not contracted to a major label (though they were previously with MI). With production and distribution costs down it is quite normal for many artists to manage themselves. Loyal fans will continue to support them via live performances, merchandise and the need to have the physical product. Conclusion Hanford (2003) suggests the continual mergers of the recording companies. MI, Nile the only one not part of the conglomerate, is vulnerable.

Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essays

Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essays Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essay Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essay Aviation plays an of import portion of modern society. It provides the capableness for international concern to work efficaciously. It allows people from different parts of the universe to remain in touch and it serves the touristry industry. Tourism is critical for many states and without inexpensive, dependable conveyance, the benefits from this industry would be impossible to gain. However, air power has faced a figure of consecutive challenges in the last few old ages. For an industry straight using more than 29 million people, this is a concern ( Hanlon, 2007 ) . The figure of people going has declined due to increased security concerns, the worsening province of the international economic system, increased frights over emanations, increased fuel costs and a really competitory market runing on the bounds of viability. Additionally, events such as the recent break such as those caused by the Icelandic volcanic ash eruption and industrial action in some air hoses have provided extra challenges. In the period 2008-2009, the Association of European Airlines ( AEA ) saw a bead of 2 million riders ( AEA, 2009 ) . Worse still, the chief autumn has been for premium flights. This accounts for 30-45 per centum of rider gross. This has been caused by the impact of the economic crisis and the increasing competition from alternate methods such as teleconference, which is maturating as a feasible engineering. Despite this, air power still provides the best solution for travel transcending 1,500 kilometers and with tenancy transcending 75 % for such flights, there is no feasible option. This is despite the concerns raised from air power pollution, which contributes 2-3 % of human C emanations. The air power industry has no alternate but to alter to run into the new challenges. The three analysed in this study are ; emanation control, cut downing operating costs and increasing air power efficiency for the expected growing in air travel expected in the long term. Without run intoing these challenges, single operators and the viability of the industry as a whole are under menace. Fuel histories for typically 15 and 25 % per centum of a typical air hose s costs. However, it can be every bit high as 40 % due to local revenue enhancement ( Hanlon, 2007 ) . Fluctuations in the monetary value of oil to a great extent influence profitableness in air power, because ticket monetary values are non linked to fuel costs in the short term. One possible method of cut downing this consequence is the hunt for alternate fuels. Potential options include bio-derived fuels, such as fuels based on vegetable oil, and man-made fuels derived from coal or natural gas ( NASA, 2006 ) . However, air power fuel performs a figure of coincident undertakings other than to feed the engines. These include being used for aircraft trim and as chilling systems. They besides need to run into rigorous marks for viscousness, weight and anti-inflammatory prosodies in the instance of accidents. This complicates the design of alternate fuels. Cost decrease may be achieved by carry throughing the dema nds of other users with less rigorous demands, therefore cut downing overall demand and hence monetary value. However, this attack does non run into the demand for lower emanation marks. Man-made fuels can bring forth lower emanations in flight but bring forth more C dioxide during fabrication. New engineerings that can seclude the generated the C during industry will nevertheless take to lower emanations during the whole fuel rhythm ( NASA, 2008 ) . This attack offers the possibility of C impersonal fuel within the following 50 old ages, but at present, there is still a demand to blend the man-made fuel with air power fuel to at least better the state of affairs in the short term. Depending on the cost of bring forthing this mix of fuel, it offers possible for cut downing emanations and cut downing fuel costs. Emission control is of import for air power to run into its C emanation demands. Aviation has now been included in the carbon trade understanding, and every decrease counts. Decrease of costs in all countries is besides indispensable for air hoses that face stiff competition and besides have expensive fleets to keep while maintaining ticket monetary values competitory. Other countries besides require continual monitoring for cost-cutting chances. These scope from doing understandings with other air hoses, teaming them or accumulating with them right through to bettering turnaround clip and cut downing care costs ( Doganis, 2006 ) . This has to be done within the purely regulated uninterrupted airworthiness government. While strategic issues are directed by senior direction within individual administrations, decrease of care costs involves committedness from a figure of stakeholders in the industry. These include MROs ( Maintenance and Repair Organisations ) , airport governments and aircraft interior decorators. Aircraft interior decorators are working to plan new aircraft that require less care and can pass more clip in the air being productive. Airport governments have a alone place. Each airdrome is in its ain location, which means competition is slightly limited. However, airdromes such as Gatwick, Heathrow, London City, Stansted and Luton all serve London traffic and therefore are in competition with each other to some extent. In other parts of the universe, there is competition between airdromes near metropoliss and those farther afield. The pricing scheme for landing fees and other services is of import to keep fight. Low-cost air hoses accept airdromes further off from their finish in return for lower landing fees. Prestige air hoses prefer closer airdromes and accept higher fees. MROs have likely the greatest function in the potency for cost decrease. MROs and other land services have in general been slower to react to competition than air hoses ( Delfman et al, 2005 ) . However, they besides offer a major chance to cut down air power costs by increased efficiency, improved quality and sourcing of competitory constituents. All air hoses can profit from this, but low-priced air hoses are peculiarly interested. Since these are working to border-line concern programs, every penny counts. MROs can potentially cut down costs by unifying with other MROs, which would cut down disposal costs and supply higher purchasing power through volume. This would necessitate staff to be conformable to alter working patterns and greater flexibleness. They may for illustration demand to accept the demand to work at different airdromes for a clip. Investing in new engineering to streamline care of aircraft, such as machine-controlled creative activity of care certification and res ource direction are besides of import ( Demais, 2007 ) . There are many new package systems available to ease this. The hereafter of air power requires betterments in emanation control, cost decrease and efficiency to stay competitory while still functioning the demands of society. This will necessitate proficient betterments in fuel and aircraft design, optimizing care every bit good as strategic determinations associating to air hose amalgamations and acquisitions. In order to be genuinely effectual, this efficiency thrust has to be endemic in all parts of the air power industry. Regulators, aircraft interior decorators, air hoses, airdrome governments and MROs all have their portion to play. This study has discussed some of these issues ; nevertheless, this issue is the topic of intense analysis throughout the industry and likely to stay so for many old ages to come. The monetary value of failure to run into these new challenges will be of hurt to the full industry. As a instance survey to exemplify how these planetary issues affect single locations, the state of affairs in Scotland was considered. Aviation accounts for 15 % of Scotland s C emanations ( WWF, 2008 ) . Equally good as functioning traditional tourer and concern demands, Scots air power besides fulfils other demands such as postal services to remote Scots islands. Additionally, there is a whole market dedicated to the North Sea oil concern. The demand to command emanations has been recognised by the Scots Government ( OPSI, 2010 ) . Initiatives on this forepart are better addressed by industry-wide action and single airdromes have trouble in run intoing the demands themselves. Airport enlargement is of import for Scotland, and Edinburgh airdrome has been seeking to spread out. However, troubles have been encountered. The chief job is due to next landholders, including the Royal Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland ( RHASS ) . Costss associated with traveling the RHASS have been established at A ; lb ; 350 million ( Holidays Extra, 2008 ) . However, other developments have gone in front, with A ; lb ; 40 million being spent to better the airdrome installations ( BAA Edinburgh, 2009 ) . This has non been without resistance, as a group called SESA ( Stop Expansion at Scottish Airports ) has been set up to seek and forestall development at Edinburgh, Glasgow and Prestwick among others ( Plane Stupid, 2010 ) . Along with other UK airdromes, Scotland has been severely affected by the Icelandic ash cloud, the hapless economic state of affairs and industrial action by BA staff. However, Scots airdromes have some extra resiliency to downswings because they are comparatively distant, offering fewer alternate conveyance methods to the remainder of the UK and farther abroad. Linkss between Edinburgh, Glasgow and London are really of import, with many people populating in Scotland and transposing to occupations in London. Air travel is their lone option to go on to make this. Additionally, about 1/3 of the money in the metropolis is really based in Edinburgh, doing it one of the most of import fiscal Centres in the universe. Even with fiscal downswings, travel between the two capitals remains indispensable. These grounds make Scots air power slightly more robust than other countries. Expansion of airdromes is nevertheless hard to accomplish because many of the airdromes are located in countries w here the force per unit area on land is high and there is active resistance. This could be a confining factor that may forestall Scots airdromes from accomplishing the possible benefits that could be made from betterments. Scots skies have somewhat less force per unit area on them than in the South of England, but non much because the state is comparatively little. Improvements in air traffic control would be good and there is possible for airdromes such as Edinburgh, Glasgow and Prestwick to move as hubs to the US. However, at present airdromes in Holland and France execute this function. For Scots air power to develop, BAA needs to get the better of opposition to enlargement and besides needs to guarantee the industry meets environmental criterions.

Virgin Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virgin Airways - Assignment Example Currently, the airline is using Embraer jets, Boeing and Airbus for its flight services and has a presence in 29 cities across Australia. The airline is also a member of the Sytax alliance and is given a 4-star rating. Virgin Airways has managed to be one of the leading airlines in Australia and around the globe. This paper aims at analyzing the nature of the business including the internal and external business environment. The paper will also focus on a discussion of the planning and strategy formulation, organizational change, and how the company implements corporate social responsibility and ethical behavior. However, the paper will mainly concentrate on the strategy formulation of the company in order to understand the competitive advantage of the company. Planning and Strategy Formulation According to Virgin Airways, its major strategies are defined as being creative in addressing the challenges facing the company. The company heavily relies on the Virgin brand name in terms of providing quality services at affordable prices (Hooley 60). The company puts great emphasis on improving its human resources by having a strong focus on values, culture and pioneer leadership. Business analysts contend that the virgin culture is phenomenon in the sense that the brand has a very strong culture that is recognized for quality and value for money. The virgin brand is also recognized for its fun work environment. Research studies indicate that the virgin brand was 94 percent recognized before the airline was finally established. The brand was being tanked among the best ten brands in the Asia-Pacific region and also among the top trusted brands in Australia (Hooley 66). Virgin Airways has managed to establish a very unique culture through Richard Branson. Branson is among the high profile entrepreneurs that exist in the modern world and has managed to transform the world of business through his emphasis on a unique working culture. Most of the airline employees have pr eviously worked for the Virgin Group. This is to ensure that there is the spread of the Virgin culture across the airline company. The company’s senior management has a good working relationship attributed to the fact that most of the members have worked together as a team in their previous job positions at Virgin Group. They have respect for each other’s talent and ability. This is a strong working culture that has been established at the top and one that filters down the company. The main corporate synergy for the company is the ability to operate like a venture capital firm based on the Virgin brand name (Hooley 70). This involves non-related diversification at the individual level of business. This is achieved through the creation of hierarchical relationships and the interactions between the corporate head office and the airline business unit. The airline company has managed to leverage on the virgin brand which has approximately 96 percent prominence in the minds of consumers. This ensured that the airline entered the industry with a bang. Virgin Australia was established in 2011 but has managed to shake up existing orders in the market and given competitors a run for their money. Virgin Australia is a business unit under the Virgin Group but the company is focused and develops as an autonomous business under the Virgin brand name. This creates a decentralized organizational structure and independent decision making